Organizational Behavior - 5621 Words

Chapter 1 - The Field of Organizational Behavior Multiple Choice Questions 1. Pharmacia is an example of a company that: a. experienced culture clashes as a result of a merger. b. ignored technological advances to its harm. c. is a great employer in terms of human resources, but an unprofitable company. d. focused on balance sheets rather than human resources. Answer a Page 2 2. _____ is a structured social system consisting of groups and individuals working together to meet some agreed-upon objective. a. An open system b. An organization c. A work team d. Scientific management Answer b Page 3 3. Organizational behavior: a. is a social science that examines people’s behavior in society,†¦show more content†¦The only way to get people to work hard is to push them. d. Focus on organizations and people will take care of themselves. Answer b Page 9 15. The perspective suggesting that organizational behavior is affected by a large number of interacting individual, situational, and organizational factors is: a. the contingency approach to OB. b. classical management theory. c. Theory X and Theory Y. d. an organizational change perspective. Answer a Page 9 16. A drawback of a contingency perspective is: a. in its rigidity. b. its rejection of the scientific method. c. different situations produce different answers. d. its poor accuracy and high complexity in the answers it provides. Answer c Page 9 17. Which of the following strategies would Frederick Taylor recommend to improve productivity? a. Paying workers a salary or hourly wage. b. Improving worker job satisfaction. c. Implementing a program of careful selection and training of all employees. d. Expanding job responsibilities for each worker. Answer c Page 10 18. Time-and-motion studies: a. look at visual perception and performance. b. try to find the best way to perform jobs by streamlining individual movements. c. try to find ways to humanize the jobs of people. d. focus on improving work group coordination. Answer b Page 10 19. ____ conducted the time-and-motion studies to classify andShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Citizenship Behavior4841 Words   |  20 PagesTable of contents: Page # 1. Literature Review 1 1.1. What are Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) 1 1.2. OCB and its link with Organization 3 1.3. How OCB’s are exhibited by employees 4 1.4. Importance of OCB 5 1.5. Effect of OCB on employees 6 2. Introduction to Organization 6 2.1. Allied Bank Limited 7 2.2. Meezan Bank Limited 7 2.3. First Women’s Bank 7 2.4. MCB 7 3. Findings and resultsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1387 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior Michael J. Bonnie CJA444 June 5, 2014 Eddie Gordon Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study of how employee’s behavior interacts within an agency’s work environment. It includes many subjects which include sociology, communication, psychology, and management. Its primary purpose is to review and report in the ever expanding study in criminal justice organizational behavior areas in the workforce. This discussion focuses on the forces of change andRead MoreEssay Organizational Behavior1057 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Organizational behavior: Organizational behavior refers to the attitudes and behavior of the individuals in the organization. Organizational behavior is a inter-disciplinary field of study that draws from many of the behavioral sciences. The goal of organizational behavior is to apply the concepts from the other behavioral sciences to pressing problems that management may be facing, as well as applying organizational behavior to the administrative theory and practicesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Human Behavior1217 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational behavior studies the impact of groups, individuals, and structures have on the personal human behavior within many organizations. There is many different definitions of organizational behavior, but they are all relatively the same in all cases. â€Å"Organizational behavior studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations (Boundless.com).† This is not just the study o n one organization, but the study withinRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : Organization Behavior2093 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Organization behavior is the study and application of information regarding how an individual or group of people within an organization behaves. According to John Schermerhorn author of the book Organizational Behavior Twelfth Edition, organizational behavior is the key characteristic used to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst employees within a company (Schermerhorn, 2011). There are additional characteristics such as leadership, openness to confer in relation to issuesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational behavior1577 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affectingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organisational Behavior2512 Words   |  11 PagesNowadays with the new millennium speeding towards us and competitive advantage more rapidly than ever, organisational behavior is one of the most direct relevance study for deeper understanding of management context. Indeed, it’s about how people organised and managed at work, which contains the study of leadership, motivation and organisational design to examine human behaviour in relation to various psychological, social and political conditions. The purpose of study this subject from regulatoryRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Organizational Behavior Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Culture play major role within the organization. It exists and plays a very crucial role in carving organization’s behavior. Organizational culture positively influences organizational behavior. People join number of organizations during their life. The organizations act as social tools to build the relationships between the individuals. Organizations are boundary maintaining, socially constructed and goal directed system, which focuses on the processes involved in the persistence, genesis

Decision Of Wanting Computer Programming As A Job

Having major impact in today s society is technology; thus, increasing the demand for more people to build, write programs, higher quality, and repair computers; therefore, numerous growth of technology and high demand of programmers. Regardless, of what they do computer programming has requirements; such as, specific duties, and certain working environments that some may not find suitable. This paper will elucidate the important essentials to understand preliminary to making the decision of wanting computer programming as a job. Computer Programming consists of a wide variety jobs such as, writing code, testing,†¦show more content†¦Programmer analyst; identifies requirements by, establishing personal meetings with potential and actual clients, arranges project by analyzing requirements; knowledge of computer capabilities, over all, dealing with costume r opinion and creating new ideas. Senior program analyst, develop and maintain applications, databases, and software systems, by evaluating client needs; they enhance staff accomplishments and answer technical questions for less experienced team members, by teaching improved processes and mentoring team members. Developers are in charge of making the ideas come to life and developing it all; although, all fields write code it’s mainly to correct flaws; whereas, developers are the starters of it all and create the starter code. To keep in mind, multiple skills qualify to different collage that’s right for that field; although, there may be multiple some skills include with other jobs, so the study is almost beneficial for all computer programming tasks. â€Å"Average Computer Programmers in the United States make around $58K annually. Earnings generally vary between $34K and $90K per year. Final cash compensation to Computer Programmers varies from around $34K to ap proximately $90K; choice pay grades include potential for bonuses and profit sharing as high

Green Burial free essay sample

The lost of a family member or a friend have an impact in our lives, some people think that death is the end of life and some others think that dead is the end of a mission in earth. The funeral arrangement represents an stressful situation between the love ones, it would be determine by the family member, close friend or legal guardian. The ways of buried a deceased person are been a dilemma between the family. Burring the body in a casket, embalming or cremating are the most common questions between them when is an inspected lost, this is not a simple process, this implicate a burial preparation, ï ¬ nancial impacts and stress; love ones need to be informed and express their options if unpredicted lost occurred. Have an open mind when the time comes it will help the deceased person and the family. Green Burial today is the opportunity of give something back to the land and show the beneï ¬ ts of the impact in the future. ! In early America, people died more frequently from deceases, traditionally the family arrange the funeral, clean the body and place it in a wooden cofï ¬ n, family visit the love one in family house or a parlor room for certain amount of days and the body was buried in the cemetery or family farm. These custom still common in some countries. As a family tradition we need to respect the ideas of different cultures. United State of America is making a steady reappearance in green funerals. Green burials ï ¬ rst started in Great Britain in 1993 and began in the United States a few years later. The ï ¬ rst natural burial ground in USA, Ramsey Creek in ! South Caroline, opened a little over ten years ago (History of Natural Funeral and Natural Burial Rites). ! ! Ramsey Creek was founded to provide a more economical and meaningful burial options while promoting land protection and restoration. The cost of the  funeral are expensive and the option of the Green Cemeteries reï ¬â€šexes a considerable amount in price and affordable for the family. At Ramsey Creek funeral can cost as little as $2,300, compared to the nearly $7,000 cost of the conventional funeral (Basler, 2004). GPS in Green Burial Cemeteries is used to locate a love one in a later date. The Green Burial Council works to unite the location of grave sites and need the legal approval of the state and the health department requirements (Hector). Natural Burial is unknown and many people are not familiar, information should reach the public and let them know that the end is a more natural one. â€Å"The key elements of a natural burial are: A clean and natural body-management process. A fully biodegradable container. A place to go air water, or sky. People to put you there in the manner you determine. Laws to support your right to be there. A community to help you stay there† (Beal). It is time to be part of this ecosystem in a natural way. ! It is important to mention that the natural burial, traditional alternative is creating an wake up call to preserve our green space. â€Å"Our understanding of the importance of the forest and the usefulness of trees and the necessity of habitat, along with the power of the soil to transform natural elements and return to utility for the web of life itself, grow every year. The demand to leave no trace is increasing† (Beal). According to the Center for Natural Burial, â€Å"the used of amount of wood to make cofï ¬ n in ten acres swatch cemetery is enough to make 10 houses† (The Truth About). Consequently the method of embalming creates a contamination of the soil because of the use of formaldehyde base chemical that slow the decomposition of the body, this product â€Å"kill some microbes that begin the ï ¬ rst stage of body breakdown, resulting in hardening of the tissue† (Beal). This method using formaldehyde has recently proved to â€Å"cause cancer†. (Sloane). According with the guides, â€Å"ï ¬â€šuid along with the organs and internal part are suctioned out of the corp during the process, goes down the drain into the water supply, creating a contamination of the water† (Beal), not a good way to preserve the environment. Foremost the the tradition of burning the body, brings another problems of preservation, â€Å"the emission that result from burning synthetic materials and body implants, and mercury ï ¬ lling, since air travels and we have a shared atmosphere† (Beal). Air pollution causing discomfort, disease or death to the humans.! The decomposition of the body starts when the body is lock of oxygen, cells in the brain died in few minutes, skin turned to an ashen color and waxing looking. â€Å"Soon after death rigor mortis occurs, which cause by complex chemical reaction involving acetic and myosin, which creates the body’s stiffness. Rigor mortis last approximately 24 hours, depending upon ambient temperature† (memorialpages). Millions of microorganism live in the intestines, they are the ï ¬ rst in action after the body is lock of oxygen and decomposition start from inside to outside the guts. â€Å"As bacteria start eating through the guts the ï ¬ rst sign is usually a greenish patch on the lower right belly which also blister. Then â€Å"special bacteria called clostridia and coliform star to invade other parts of the body and putrefaction spreads across the stomach before traveling the things across the chest† (memorialpages). The body gets swollen and accumulate gasses producing a foul odor. The last cells to be broken are the tendons and ligaments which are more resistants to the decomposition.! The bacterias Clostridia and Coliform leave in the intestine of the humans. â€Å"Clostridia is a Gram positive anaerobes, many clostridia are transit or permanent members of the normal ï ¬â€šora of the human skin and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. in addition to being normal ï ¬â€šora most clostridia can also be found in the soil many parts of the word†(Public Health). The reason for foul odor in mud and plant is because the production of Clostridia. This bacteria can cause the human deceases as â€Å"food poisoning, botulism, tetanus, gas gangrene and pseudomembranous colitis† (Public Health). Fecal coliforms, on the other hand, are more speciï ¬ c because they refer to the â€Å"coliforms that live in the intestinal track of humans and many other animals. Each person discharges from 100 to 400 billion fecal coliform organisms per day. Some animals discharge much more†(APEC water). Learning about the facts that harms the environment by the conventional  funeral, the idea of Green Burial will impact the future environment in a positive way. The arrangement of a funeral for a love one is not the best choice to do, but if the circumstances permit to do it, the Green Burial would be my best option. If someone mention to me about this method before my investigation and writing this paper, it would not be part of my choice, I would not never accepted, I will continue with the idea of a funeral in a traditional way of a cremation or place the body in a cofï ¬ n. People need to be open, be inform and give the option of natural burial. Learning about the Ramsey Creek Preserve bring the ideas of my love ones who passed away in a different prospective. Thinking that I could use this method when they were separated from us and been part of the natural word made me sad. The idea of having them close to me again and be part of the forest would be a precious moments. I think if I planned how my funeral will be I will chose the Green Burial process, I feel comfortable to talk about my own funeral and I think that it would be less stress for my family, this will help them cope with each other and not ! be worried if I would like to have something else in my funeral, in other words â€Å"I get what I want†. We need the moment to meditate and have a reï ¬â€šection from our ideas. The environment in what we leave deteriorates with our actions and negligences, we need to learn how to take care our ecosystem, we need to spread the words and help the effort of Memorial Ecosystems and Green Burial Council are doing. It is a job well done with a successful impact in the future. ! !

Imperative Role in The Law Country

Questions: 1. Explain the concept of actus reus and mens rea generally.2. Explain the actus reus of murder.3. Explain the importance of voluntariness to this concept.4. Describe causation in fact; causation in law, and omission.5. Explain the mens rea of murder using decided cases.6. Explain the difficulty of proving intention using decided cases. Answers: Introduction The law country plays imperative role in order to maintain the law and order of the country and in protecting the fundamental rights of the people resides in the country. English law is one of the ancient laws and have great influence on the laws of several different countries. The law mainly help the plaintiffs in achieving proper judgement from the jurisdiction and to provide reasonable punishment to the defendants (Anthony, 2002). The criminal law of the country help in punishing the criminals, who commit crime within the jurisdiction of the country. However, it is not easy for the court to provide judgement against a defendant to accuse the defendant for guilty of murder, because, legally it is not easy to accuse a defendant for guilty of murder. In this easy, different types of legal concept has been used to analyze the law and the conceptions that should be meet in order establish murder in English law and for this various case law is used (Blomsma, 2012). 1. Concept of actus reus and mens rea The concept of the actus reus which shows the physical act of committing an offence with exceeding the limits of the acts. It can also be represented as the state of the omission state in order to create the state of being (Boch, 2000). For instance, if a person is committing an illegal narcotic, one must be acting or failing to act very lightly in the state of the possession and thus it also helps in failing of the state of the being. Omissions are also made to act as a crime which represents that the failure of the act means the failure of the law. According to the case of Pagett 1983 and White 1910, the act of Actus Reus is seemed to be fulfilled the choices. Also the case study of Airedale NHS Trust v Bland 1993 gives the justification to the concept of Actus reus. The concept of the Mens rea means a physical act that shows the commission of the criminal act while the guilt mind represents the second act. The guilty mind here is referred to as the reckless, knowledge and the intention representing the accused. It signifies the misdeed or the wrongful consequences (Foster, 2008). The case of Mens rea can be proved from the case of Woolin 1998 and the case of the Nedrick 1986 and Hancock 1986 can prove the concept of Mens Rea. 2. Explanation the actus reus of murder The actus reus of murder includes unlawful killing of the human beings. It consists of all the elements of crime other than state of mind of defendant. It is considered to be malice that has been interpreted by courts as the meaning an intention to kill (Gaskill, 2000). The murder conviction commonly carries mandatory sentence life and the judge passing the sentences cannot pass the lesser sentence and it does not matter how to mitigate the circumstances. It requires proof that unlawfully defendant killed the person within the peace of Queen. Therefore, it shows the intention of a person to kill or killed a person. The cobncept of this case can be proved by the Airedale NHS Trust v Bland 1993 provides proper justification for proving the unlawful murder explanation. 3. Importance of voluntariness According to the context of the actus reus, the importance of the voluntariness or the voluntary actions that can be modified are the physical force that helps in the creation of the spontaneous reflex actions which shows no control over the actions and thus it also helps in the formation of the conduct (Humphries, 2009). It also provides the state of the case that are included in the context of voluntariness is the case of the R v Larsonneur (1933) 24 Cr App R 74. The importance also indicates the acts of the omissions that deals with the duty arising from statute, duty arising from the contract and the voluntary assumption creation and the reliance (Kirk, 2011). 4. Description of causation in law and omission The causation in law depicts the occurrence of the certain consequences where the prosecution must prove that the defendant has caused the consequences and thus let the consequences to be occurred (McDonagh, 2003). For example, in the prosecution of the murder case, the prosecution must prove that the victim has died in the section 18 of the offence act 1861 against the person where the victim was found to be wounded. Thus in this case the criminal damage of the property takes place. There are two types of the causation in the law i.e. causation in fact and the causation in law which generally depicts the homicide case. Omission deals with the failure of the act or the conduct that a person criminally conducts. This helps in the failure of the act of the liability failing to act and thus the defendant is taken under the considerations of the legal duty for taking the positive actions (O'Neill and O'Neill, 2011). 5. Explanation of the mens rea of murder using decided cases Mens rea is a Latin language and the meaning of the mens rea in English is guilty mind, the criminals, who commit any crime need to be in a specific state of mind or mens rea before they commit the crime or can be judged guilty. There are several offence, when the mens rea is called intending to commit the act; however, few offence need differentiate state of mind which is intending to reason of death, the criminal has the knowledge of dreadful consequence (Block and Hostettler, 2002). The mens rea provide the explanation that the crime of murder is performed intentionally before the crime the mind of the defendant is in a particular state of mind when he/she plan to murder someone, thus the mind was guilty. In the case of Hyam V DPP (1975) AC55, the defendant was not intentionally murder but she was aware that what she did could harm significantly to the plaintiff. There is high degree of possibilities that by the action of the defendant the plaintiff Mrs Booth could be injured subs tantially and could be die (Rodger and MacCulloch, 2009). Thus, for this reason court gave the judgement by accusing the defendant for guilty of murder. 6. Explanation of the difficulty of proving intention using decided cases In the given case study, the defendant put the burning newspapers through letter of house of Booth to scare Mrs Booth and caused death of two children of her. However, she claimed that her intention was not to kill but it happened unfortunately (O'Sullivan, 2014). Therefore, it becomes difficult of proving the intention to kill in the case as because she accepted the fact that it was not done by her intentionally. Although, after the investigation of case it has been proved that the intention was to kill and Lord Hailsham LC said that the intention of her constitute of the mental element in the murder. Therefore, the intention of defendant was highly to cause bodily harm or death that was sufficient as per the mens rea for murder. Conclusion This report covers all the details regarding the English law which signifies each and every detail that are required for the explanation of the actus reus and the Mens rea. Thus it also shows the importances of the voluntariness in the context of the actus reus which determines the objectives of this report (O'Neill and O'Neill, 2011). This report also provides the brief explanation of the causation of the law and the commission and that also helps in providing the explanation of a case related to the subjectwith mentioning the difficulties in this report. References Anthony, G. (2002).UK Public law and European law. Oxford [England]: Portland, Or. Block, B. and Hostettler, J. (2002).Famous cases. Winchester: Waterside Press. Blomsma, J. (2012).Mens rea and defences in European criminal law. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Intersentia. Boch, C. (2000).EC law in the UK. Harlow, England: Longman. Foster, N. (2008).EU law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gaskill, M. (2000).Crime and mentalities in early modern England. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Humphries, D. (2009).Women, violence, and the media. Boston: Northeastern University Press. Kirk, E. (2011).EU law. Harlow, England: Pearson Longman. O'Neill, A. and O'Neill, A. (2011).EU law for UK lawyers. Oxford: Hart. O'Sullivan, C. (2014). Mens rea , motive and assisted suicide: does the DPP's Policy go too far?.Leg Stud (Soc Leg Scholars), 35(1), pp.96-113. Rodger, B. and MacCulloch, A. (2009).Competition law and policy in the EC and UK. London: Routledge-Cavendish.